ANALISIS ARSITEKTUR SIWALUH JABU DAN FILOSOFI KOMUNAL DALAM RUMAH TRADISIONAL KARO BATAK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69957/tanda.v6i05.3089Keywords:
Batak Karo, Rakut Sitelu, Siwaluh Jabu, Arsitektur Tradisional, Perbaba, Arsitektur VernakularAbstract
Penelitian ini menganalisis desain Siwaluh Jabu, rumah tradisional masyarakat Batak Karo, dengan fokus pada tata ruang, makna simbolis elemen arsitektur, serta penerapan prinsip Rakut Sitelu dan Perbaba dalam desain fisiknya. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif etnografis, data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam bersama tokoh adat, dan dokumentasi visual pada lima rumah tradisional di Sumatera Utara. Analisis tematik menunjukkan bahwa tata ruang Siwaluh Jabu merefleksikan hirarki sosial, nilai gotong royong, dan kosmologi kolektif masyarakat Karo. Elemen struktural seperti panggung, sulap, dan garuk-garuk mengandung makna simbolis terkait kosmologi, identitas klan, dan ritual. Penerapan prinsip Rakut Sitelu (kesatuan manusia, alam, dan spiritual) serta Perbaba (keseimbangan dan keadilan) terlihat pada orientasi bangunan, pemilihan material alami, dan teknik konstruksi fleksibel yang adaptif terhadap iklim tropis serta potensi bencana vulkanik. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada studi arsitektur vernakular Nusantara dan memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan konservasi berbasis partisipasi komunitas Karo.
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