HORENSO SEBAGAI STRATEGI ADAPTASI BUDAYA KERJA JEPANG PADA PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA PEMEGANG VISA TOKUTEI GINOU DI JEPANG
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69957/tanda.v6i05.3088Keywords:
Horenso, Tokutei Ginou, Pekerja Migran, Adaptasi Budaya, Komunikasi Kerja JepangAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan prinsip Horenso (報告・連絡・相談) serta perannya sebagai strategi adaptasi budaya kerja bagi pekerja migran Indonesia pemegang visa Tokutei Ginou di Jepang. Horenso yang terdiri atas Houkoku (melapor), Renraku (menginformasikan), dan Soudan (berkonsultasi) dikaji dalam konteks budaya kerja Jepang yang menekankan kedisiplinan, tanggung jawab, serta koordinasi kerja yang tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pekerja migran Indonesia pada sepuluh sektor kerja Tokutei Ginou, yaitu kaigo, restoran/food service, pengolahan makanan dan minuman, manufaktur, industri otomotif, konstruksi, pertanian, perikanan, pembersihan gedung, dan transportasi darat, serta didukung oleh studi literatur dari berbagai sumber terkait budaya kerja Jepang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip Horenso diterapkan secara konsisten di seluruh sektor pekerjaan, meskipun memiliki karakteristik kerja yang berbeda. Dalam praktiknya, Houkoku digunakan untuk pelaporan kondisi dan hasil kerja, Renraku untuk penyampaian informasi dan koordinasi antarkaryawan, serta Soudan untuk konsultasi ketika menghadapi kendala kerja. Penerapan Horenso terbukti berperan penting dalam menjaga efektivitas kerja, keselamatan kerja, kualitas pelayanan, serta kelancaran operasional di berbagai bidang pekerjaan Tokutei Ginou. Selain itu, Horenso juga berfungsi sebagai strategi adaptasi budaya kerja bagi pekerja migran Indonesia. Hambatan seperti perbedaan bahasa, penggunaan keigo, dan perbedaan budaya komunikasi dapat diatasi melalui pembiasaan penerapan Horenso dalam aktivitas kerja sehari-hari. Strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan meliputi peningkatan kemampuan bahasa Jepang, pemahaman etika kerja, pembiasaan pelaporan kerja, serta keberanian dalam berkonsultasi dengan atasan. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Horenso tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai sistem komunikasi kerja dalam perusahaan Jepang, tetapi juga sebagai instrumen adaptasi budaya yang efektif bagi pekerja migran Indonesia dalam menghadapi lingkungan kerja lintas budaya di Jepang.
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